Madhya Pradesh has subtropical monsoon type of climate due to presence of tropic of cancer passes through its centre and also have continental type of climate due to presence of madhya pradesh state as landlocked state. The climate of madhya pradesh classified by scholars in different categories of madhya pradesh climate divided into these areas as semi dry and steppe in northern part, Hot tropical in central part of state, and tropical humid and dry type.
classification of climate of madhya pradesh
the climate of madhya pradesh divided by different scholars
Accordig to koeppen geiger
koeppen geiger divided the climate of madhya pradesh in three parts
- Hot Mediteranean climate(Cwg) - Jabalpur, Gwalior, Singrauli, Katni, Rewa,
- Tropical savana (Aw) - Indore, Bhopal, Dewas, Ratlam, Ujjain.
- hot semi arid climate(Bsh) - Burhanpur, Bhind, Murena, Khargone,
According to AR subramanyam and TR Narayan
divided the climate of mp in three parts
- semi arid or steppe - north-western part such as mandsaur, neemuch, and chambal valley districts
- Warm temperate Rainy climate - extended in cental part of mp from western to eastern part
- Tropical wet and dry climate - extended in some southern part of state
according to thornwet climate of mp divided into
divided in three parts
- subarctic
- dry subhumid
- semi arid climate
Climatic zones of madhya pradesh
climatic zones of madhya pradesh divided in different regions having annual variation of temperature and rainfall in plateau and mountain regions
Northern plain of mp
northern plains distance from the sea northern plains have continental type of climate having summers to hot and winters too cold, found in regions like shivpuri, gwalior, guna, bhind, murena,
malva plateau
Due to equable climate of malva plateau summers are neither to hot nor winters are too cold. found in region like indore, dewas, sehore ujjain, ratlam,
vindhya satpura mountain region
summers are moderately hot and winters are extremely cold, found in region like panchmari, and amarkantak hilly regions.
Vindhyan mountains
Rainfall from arabian and bay of bengal branch
average hot and average cold climate type occurs in this region
Narmada valley area
due to located near the tropic of cancer summers are extremely hot but winters are moderately cold. regions like hosangabad, narsingpur, harda, khandwa, jabalpur
Seasons in madhya pradesh
There are four different seasons in madhya pradesh according to normal seasonal differentiation
summer season
known as unala in mp locally, started on 16 febrauary and ends on 15th of june.
Highest temperature recorded in ganjbasoda- 48.9 degree celsius in 1995 and khajuraho 49.2 degree celsius in 2018
Rainy season
known as chaumasa locally, started on 16 june an ends on 15 october, rainfall occurs from arabian sea and Bay of Bengal
least rainfal in north western part of madhya pradesh, and highest rainfall in eastern part of madhya pradesh,
Rainfall decreases from south- eastern to north-western. highest rainfall occurs in balaghat, chindwara and mandla and least rainfall occurs in bhind, place with highest rainfall is panchmari in hosangabad and least in gohud bhind, average rainfall of mp is 112 centimetre. the iso thermal line is 21 degree celsius divided in northern and southern part and iso height line 60 centimeter divides mp in eastern and western parts.
winter season in mp
known as siala in mp started on 16 october and ends on 15 february,
small rainfall in winters known as mavath, western distrubance seen in months of december and january
shivpuri recorded as lowest average temperature
seasons according to indian tradition in mp
according to indian tradition there are six seasons in madhya pradesh these are
- spring - march april
- summer - may june
- monsoon rainy - july august
- autumn- september - october
- pre winter - Npovember december
- winter- january - february
factors affecting climate of madhya pradesh
- landlocked state - annual temperature diffenrence is high due to land lock
- tropic of cancer - summers are hot due to tropic of cancer
- distance from the sea - high temperature
- location of mountains - heavy rainfall due to vindhyachal and satpura mountains
- distance from equator -tropical climate found due to distance from equator
- plateau - equal climate due to plateaus e.g. malva region
climate change in madhya pradesh
Climate change is a pressing challenge which poses serious direct and indirect threats to the environmental, economic and social development of Madhya Pradesh.
The Madhya Pradesh State Action Plan on Climate Change emphasises that future trends of climate change could lead to increasing scarcity of water, lower yields of staple crops (such as wheat and soyabean), reduction in forest biomass yields, and increased risk to human health
observed climate change impacts in madhya pradesh
- Over the period from 1950-2010 Madhya Pradesh witnessed an average annual warming of 0.6°C
- Much of this warming occurred in the months of September to November, as the warming trend is most pronounced in the post-monsoon season
- The state has witnessed a decline on rainfall at 1.88 mm/year over the same period
- More than 90% of this decline in rainfall occurred in the monsoon season
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