production of mineral resources in India contributes a major role in economic growth & development.
According to the Ministry of Mines annual report 2022-23, in the total production of minerals orissa has the highest share of production value which is 41 percent, followed by Chattisgarh - 17.34%, Rajasthan -14.10%, Karnataka -13.24% and Jharkhand- 4.36% of the total value mineral production
India ranks second in production of minerals in the world.
Distribution of minerals in India region-wise
- Northeastern Peninsular belt
- central belt
- southern belt
- southwestern belt
- northwestern belt
- the Indian Ocean belt
1. North Eastern peninsular belt
stretched in 3 states Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal
richest mineral belt known as the Iron and Steel Belt of India
Chhota Nagpur plateau is the 'heartland of India' located in the northeastern peninsular belt
minerals - kyanite 100% reserves, iron 93%, coal 84% chromite and mica 70 and limestone and manganese
2. Central belt
Stretches over Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana
minerals- Bauxite, manganese, limestone marble, mica, Gems, Graphite,
3. Southern Belt
Stretches- Karnataka plateau and Tamilnadu upland
lignite is found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu
ferrous minerals found - Gold, iron ore, chromite, manganese, bauxite,
second largest
4. southwestern belt
Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala.
minerals- iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese, granite, and clay
Goa located in this belt, is the producer of iron ore
5. Northwestern belt
The belt extends over Aravali in Rajasthan and Gujarat, minerals associated with the Dharwad region
Non-ferrous metals like copper, lead, zinc, mica, manganese, and steatite, are found
Rajasthan has huge deposits of - building stones like sandstone, Granite, marble, gypsum, and Fullers
6. Indian Ocean Belt
petroleum and natural gas in offshore areas.
phosphate nodules near Andaman islands
barium nodules and barium nodules
classification of minerals found in India
there are different types of minerals in India these are
metallic
Ferrous Iron and manganese
non ferrous - copper and bauxite.
Non-metallic
Fuel - coal, petroleum
others mica and limestone
Atomic -
Uranium, Thorium, limenite, and beryllium.
Major metallic minerals in India and the production of minerals
metallic minerals are sources of metals, Iron ores, copper, and Gold producing ores are included in this category, There is a huge contribution of natural resources in India as metallic minerals in India are the richest in wealth of minerals produced in several regions.
Ferrous minerals
iron ore manganese, chromite used in metallurgical industries
Iron ore
The backbone of industrial development provides raw materials for iron and steel industry
extracted from Dharwad and Cudappa rocks
Type of iron ore based on iron content
magnetite is 72% used in electronic industries
hematite 60 - 70 % used in iron and steel industries
limonite 40 - 60 % used in pigments for paints
siderite 40 - 50 % source of manganese
Iron ore production state-wise production mining ranking
- Orissa 53.82%
- chatitisgarh - 16.27%
- Karnataka - 15.88%
- Jharkhand - 9.74%
iron ore regions and mines
- Odisha - Barabil Koira Valley India richest hematite deposits, other- Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Cuttack, Sambalpur, Keonjhar, and Koraput district
- chattisgarh- bailadia(duntewara)
- Jharkhand- Singhbhum,
- Karnataka - Kudremukh, Bellary
- Andhra Pradesh - Veldurthi, Guntur region
manganese
found in combination with iron to produce steel known as ferromanganese
sedimentary rocks of the Dharwad system
ores of manganese
- psilomelane
- braunite
- manganite
- Hausmannite
The main regions of manganese produce are
Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj in Orissa,
Balaghat and chindwara in Madhya Pradesh
Nagpur, Ratnagiri and Bhandara in Maharashtra
Singhbhum in Jharkhand
Leading manganese producer states in India
- Madhya Pradesh 31.50%
- Maharashtra 27.14%
- Orissa 19.01%
Nickel
Hard malleable highly tensile elastic and resistant to abrasion
used in automobile aircraft, ornaments
produced in the Orissa Cuttack and Mayurbhanj districts
Non-ferrous minerals in India
production of non-ferrous minerals in India and their contribution and state wise production of minerals in India.
copper
found in igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, good conductor of electricity
used in the electrical industry for making wires, also mixed with gold in jewelry
alloy copper and zinc-brass
copper+ tin known as bronze
copper ore reserves and production
highest reserves of copper are in - Rajasthan Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh
highest production in Madhya Pradesh (56.83%) and Rajasthan (43.17%)
Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of copper and the maximum production is done by Hindustan Copper Limited.
Bauxite
the primary ore of aluminum
Bauxite reserves and production in India
largest reserves of bauxite
- Odisha
- Andhra Pradesh
- Gujarat
- Jharkhand
- Maharashtra
Production of bauxite state-wise
- Orissa
- Gujarat
- Jharkhand
- Chattisgarh
- Madhya Pradesh
Bauxite Producing Regions
Ranchi and Palamu in Jharkhand
Kheda in Gujarat
Shahdol and Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh
Durg and Sarguja in Chattisgarh
Belgaum and bababudhan hills in karnataka
Kolhapur thane in Maharashtra
palni javadi and shevaroy hills in Tamil nadu
Silver
It occurs as sulfide
largest producer of silver is Zawar Mine in Rajasthan
during refining in Kolar gold fields and Hutti gold mines in Karnataka
Hindustan Zinc Limited located in Udaipur Rajasthan and Hindustan Copper Limited in Singhbum Jharkhand are the first and second largest producers of silver
Silver Reserves state-wise top position
Rajasthan has Highest reserves of silver
Karnataka
Chromite
oxide of iron and chromium
used in refractive works, metallurgical, and chemical industries
Keonjhar and Cuttack are the main regions of chromite production
Orissa is the largest producer of chromite.
chromite reserves
- Orissa
- Jharkhand
- Chattisgarh
production
Orissa has the highest production of chromite in India.
Gold
precious metal used in jewelry manufacturing and also in dentistry
found in metamorphic and igneous rocks
producing regions of Gold
Kolar Gold Mines and Hutti Gold Mines Karnataka about 98%
Ramgiri Gold Field in Andhra Pradesh
Gold refinery - Sohna Haryana
Shirpur Gold Refinery is India's first and Asia's largest Gold refinery located headquarter at Mumbai Maharashtra
Tin
cassiterite is the primary ore of Tin
Bastar in Chattishgarh is the only producer region of India.
Lead and zinc
lead extracted from ore called Galena mostly found in silver and zinc
non-conductor of electricity
primary use of lead is in the iron and steel industry, in cable cover, lead sheeting, and glass-making
lead mines
Zawar in Rajasthan, Rajpura Dariba in Rajasthan
zinc is also associated with lead and silver extracted from zinc sulfide, calamine, zincite, willemite, and Hemimorphite.
manufacturing galvanized steel, to make it rusting resisted.
zinc mine- Zawar Rajasthan
Top state deposits of lead and zinc found
Lead deposits found in Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat
zinc deposits - Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh
update soon why do we need to conserve mineral resources in India.
0 Comments